艺术品展示 / 油画
《圣徒吉纳维芙和阿波罗尼亚》【Saints Genevieve and Apollonia】

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《圣徒吉纳维芙和阿波罗尼亚》
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画作名称：

Saints Genevieve and Apollonia
中文名称：
 圣徒吉纳维芙和阿波罗尼亚
画 家：
 老卢卡斯·克拉纳赫(Lucas Cranach the Elder)
作品年份：
 1506 年
原作材质：
 Oil on wood
画作尺寸：
 120.5 × 63 cm
馆藏链接：
 英国国家美术馆（The National Gallery, London）
备注信息：
 圣凯瑟琳祭坛画：百叶窗的反面（The St Catherine Altarpiece: Reverses of Shutters）

       Saint Genevieve, born in the fifth century, is the patron saint of Paris. She was a nun, and helped protect the city from attack from the Huns and the Franks. Here, she holds the candle that miraculously relit after the devil blew it out while she was praying alone one night.

       Saint Apollonia was a virgin martyr who lived in the second century. She was tortured during an uprising in Alexandria: her teeth were pulled out and she was told she would be burnt to death unless she renounced her Christian faith. She refused, and threw herself into the flames. Considered the patron saint of dentists and dental problems, she is often depicted with the pair of pliers used to extract her teeth.

       This painting was originally part of a multi-panelled altarpiece (‘The Saint Catherine Altarpiece’ in Dresden) made by Cranach in 1506, shortly after he was appointed court painter to the Elector of Saxony, Friedrich the Wise.


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       This painting once formed the outer face of one of the shutters of a multi-panelled altarpiece made by Cranach in 1506, shortly after he was appointed court painter to the Elector of Saxony, Friedrich the Wise, and would have been visible when the shutters were closed. It has since been separated from the front of the shutter and detached from the altarpiece’s central panel.

       Saint Genevieve became a nun at fifteen. She is the patron saint of Paris because it is believed her prayers diverted Attila the Hun away from the city and towards Orléans, where he was defeated. Later, when Paris was besieged by Childeric I, she acted as an intermediary between residents and besiegers, helping to collect food and convincing Childeric to release his prisoners. Here, she holds the candle that miraculously relit after being blown out by the devil while she was praying one night. The pendant around her neck displays the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet, alpha and omega, to symbolise Christ. On her gold bodice are the letters ‘GSE’.

       Saint Apollonia lived in Alexandria, around AD 200. She was one of a group of virgin martyrs who were brutally tortured for their Christian faith. During her torture, Apollonia’s teeth were pulled out with pliers before she was burned to death. The pliers she holds clasp a bloody tooth, and an image of the pliers is also depicted upon the pendant on her necklace.

       The altarpiece was very likely made for the chapel of the electors at Wittenberg castle. The martyrdom of Saint Catherine is depicted on its central panel, with Electors Friedrich the Wise and, possibly, Johann the Steadfast included as witnesses. A group of three female saints are shown on each of the inner faces of the shutters.


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@英国国家美术馆：These paintings were originally part of a multi-panelled altarpiece dedicated to the martyrdom of Saint Catherine. Its side panels could be closed to cover the central image and as the backs of these wings could sometimes be seen, they were also decorated. That’s where these four figures once appeared, although they have since been separated from the wings' inner faces.

   This altarpiece was one of the first commissions Cranach made for the electors of Saxony and was almost certainly displayed in the electors’ chapel in the castle at Wittenberg. The central panel, now in the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen in Dresden, shows Electors Friedrich the Wise and, possibly, Johann the Steadfast as witnesses to Saint Catherine’s martyrdom. The inner faces of the wings each show a group of three female saints. On the left shutter Saints Dorothy, Agnes and Cunigunde are depicted; on the right are Saints Barbara, Ursula and Margaret.

   Saints Genevieve and Apollonia appeared on the reverse of the wing showing Saints Dorothy, Agnes and Cunigunde. Saint Genevieve, patron saint of Paris, holds the candle that miraculously relit after the devil blew it out while she was praying in a church. Saint Apollonia, patron saint of those with dental problems, had her teeth pulled out with pliers as torture for her commitment to her Christian faith.

   Saints Christina and Ottilia were shown on the reverse of the other shutter. Saint Christina of Bolsena was tortured by her pagan father and martyred for her conversion to Christianity. Her father’s many attempts at torture, including throwing her into a river with a millstone tied to her, were all miraculously thwarted. Saint Ottilia was born blind but her sight was restored when she was baptised into the Christian faith. She revived her brother after he was accidentally killed by their father, and went on to found Augustinian monasteries.

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