Renoir painted this young girl during a visit to Algeria, then a French colony. The sitter, Mademoiselle Fleury, was probably French, but she is shown wearing what the artist described as an “Algerian costume.” While her dress and the setting are meant to evoke North Africa, the theme of young women holding birds was popular in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century European paintings. Renoir exhibited this work as Child with a Bird, suggesting the image functioned both as a portrait and a genre scene.
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